Presentation of failure-prone processes in a cooking recipe

In user-contributed recipe sites, contributors describe recipes implicitly assuming their own tacit knowledge based on their technical level. Therefore, descriptions that are likely to fail in the cooking process may be omitted. The purpose of this research is to present recipes to reduce cooking failures. In this paper, we have classified definitions and causes of cooking failures through semi-structured interviews. Based on the findings obtained through the interviews, we explored the visualization method that explicitly indicates a process assumed to be a cooking failure.